Gilashin Ruwa da Gilashin Gilashi
Gilashin ruwa
Tsarin ruwa, wanda Sir Alastair Pilkington ya ƙirƙira a 1952, yana yin gilashin lebur.Wannan tsari yana ba da damar ƙera gilashin haske, mai launi da mai rufi don gine-gine, da gilashin gilashin gilashin da aka yi da motoci.
Akwai kusan tsire-tsire masu iyo 260 a duk duniya tare da haɗin gwiwar kusan tan 800,000 na gilashi a mako.Wani shuka mai iyo, wanda ke aiki ba tsayawa tsakanin shekaru 11-15, yana yin kusan kilomita 6000 na gilashi a shekara a cikin kauri daga 0.4mm zuwa 25mm kuma cikin faɗin har zuwa mita 3.
Layin mai iyo zai iya kusan rabin kilomita tsayi.Raw kayan suna shiga a gefe ɗaya kuma daga sauran faranti na gilashi suna fitowa, an yanke su daidai da ƙayyadaddun bayanai, a farashin da ya kai tan 6,000 a mako.A tsakanin karya shida sosai hadedde matakai.
Narkewa da Gyarawa
Abubuwan da aka tsara masu kyau, waɗanda aka sarrafa su don inganci, suna haɗuwa don yin tsari, wanda ke gudana a cikin tanderun da aka yi zafi zuwa 1500 ° C.
Tayo ruwa a yau yana yin gilashin kusa da ingancin gani.Yawancin matakai - narkewa, tacewa, daidaitawa - suna faruwa lokaci guda a cikin tan 2,000 na narkakkar gilashin a cikin tanderu.Suna faruwa a yankuna daban-daban a cikin wani hadadden gilashin kwararar da zafin jiki ke motsawa, kamar yadda zane ya nuna.Yana ƙara har zuwa ci gaba da narkewa, yana dawwama har tsawon sa'o'i 50, wanda ke ba da gilashi a 1,100 ° C, ba tare da haɗawa da kumfa ba, a hankali kuma a ci gaba da zuwa wanka mai iyo.Tsarin narkewa shine mahimmanci ga ingancin gilashi;kuma za a iya canza abubuwan da aka tsara don canza kaddarorin samfurin da aka gama.
Ruwan wanka
Gilashin narkar da ke gudana a hankali a kan wani magudanar ruwa mai ɗorewa zuwa saman madubi kamar narkakken gwangwani, yana farawa daga 1,100 ° C kuma yana barin wanka mai iyo a matsayin ƙwaƙƙwaran kintinkiri a 600°C.
Ka'idar gilashin iyo ba ta canzawa daga shekarun 1950 amma samfurin ya canza sosai: daga kauri guda ɗaya na 6.8mm zuwa kewayo daga ƙananan millimeters zuwa 25mm;daga kintinkiri akai-akai yana lalacewa ta hanyar haɗawa, kumfa da striations zuwa kusan kamalar gani.Float yana ba da abin da aka sani da ƙarewar wuta, ƙyalli na sabbin kayan chinaware.
Annealing & Bincike & Yanke don yin oda
● Jin daɗi
Duk da natsuwar da aka samar da gilashin iyo, damuwa mai yawa yana tasowa a cikin kintinkiri yayin da yake sanyi.Yawan damuwa da gilashin zai karye a ƙarƙashin mai yanke.Hoton yana nuna damuwa ta cikin kintinkiri, wanda haske ya bayyana.Don kawar da waɗannan matsalolin, ribbon ɗin yana yin maganin zafi a cikin doguwar tanderu da aka sani da lehr.Ana sarrafa yanayin zafi sosai tare da ko'ina cikin kintinkiri.
●Dubawa
Tsarin tuwon ruwa ya shahara don yin daidai gwargwado, gilashi mara lahani.Amma don tabbatar da mafi girman inganci, dubawa yana faruwa a kowane mataki.Wani lokaci ba a cire kumfa a lokacin tacewa, ƙwayar yashi ya ƙi narke, girgizar da ke cikin kwano yana sanya ƙugiya a cikin gilashin ribbon.Binciken kan layi mai sarrafa kansa yana yin abubuwa biyu.Yana bayyana kurakuran tsari a sama wanda za'a iya gyarawa yana ba kwamfutoci damar yin amfani da su don karkatar da lahani.Fasahar dubawa a yanzu tana ba da damar yin fiye da ma'auni miliyan 100 a cikin dakika ɗaya a kan ribbon, gano kurakuran da idon da ba ya gani ba zai iya gani ba.
Bayanan yana fitar da masu yankan 'masu hankali', suna ƙara haɓaka ingancin samfur ga abokin ciniki.
●Yanke don yin oda
Tayoyin lu'u-lu'u suna datse selvedge - gefuna masu damuwa - kuma suna yanke kintinkiri zuwa girman da kwamfuta ta tsara.Ana sayar da gilashin mai iyo ta wurin murabba'in mita.Kwamfutoci suna fassara buƙatun abokan ciniki zuwa tsarin yanke ƙirƙira don rage ɓarna.
Gilashin nadi
Ana amfani da tsarin birgima don kera gilashin hasken rana, gilashin lebur mai ƙira da gilashin waya.Ana ci gaba da zubo rafi na narkakkar gilashin tsakanin nadi masu sanyaya ruwa.
Gilashin da aka yi birgima ana ƙara yin amfani da su a cikin samfuran PV da masu karɓar zafi saboda yawan watsa shi.Akwai ɗan bambanci tsada tsakanin birgima da gilashin iyo.
Gilashin da aka yi birgima na musamman ne saboda tsarinsa na macroscopic.Mafi girman watsawa ya fi kyau kuma a yau babban aikin ƙananan gilashin birgima zai kai yawanci 91% watsawa.
Hakanan yana yiwuwa a gabatar da tsarin shimfidar wuri a saman gilashin.Ana zabar sassa daban-daban dangane da aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya.
Ana amfani da tsarin da aka kone sau da yawa don haɓaka ƙarfin mannewa tsakanin EVA da gilashi a aikace-aikacen PV.Gilashin da aka ƙera ana amfani dashi a cikin PV da aikace-aikacen zafin rana.
Gilashin da aka keɓance ana yin shi ne a cikin tsari guda ɗaya wanda gilashin ke gudana zuwa rollers a zafin jiki na kusan 1050 ° C.Ƙarfin simintin ƙasa ko nadi na bakin karfe an zana shi da mummunan tsarin;babban abin nadi yana santsi.Ana sarrafa kauri ta hanyar daidaita rata tsakanin rollers.Ribbon yana barin rollers a kusan 850°C kuma ana goyan bayansa akan jerin nadi na ƙarfe da aka sanyaya ruwa zuwa ga lehar.Bayan an cire gilashin an yanke shi zuwa girmansa.
Gilashin waya an yi shi a cikin tsarin wucewa biyu.Tsarin yana amfani da nau'i-nau'i biyu na ruwa masu sanyaya suna samar da rollers kowannen ciyarwa tare da keɓantaccen kwararar gilashin narkakkar daga tanderun narkewa.Biyu na farko na rollers suna samar da gilashin gilashi mai ci gaba, rabin kauri na ƙarshen samfurin.An lullube wannan da ragamar waya.Abincin gilashi na biyu, don ba da kintinkiri daidai da kauri kamar na farko, sannan a ƙara kuma, tare da ragamar waya "sandwiched", ribbon ya wuce ta biyu na rollers wanda ya zama ribbon na ƙarshe na gilashin waya.Bayan annealing, ana yanke kintinkiri ta hanyar yankewa na musamman da shirye-shiryen ƙullawa.